The endorphins are neuropeptides (small proteins) which bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Endorphin is one of several substances made by the body that can be used in the production of pain relief and a sense of well-being.
Its name comes from two words: endogenouswhich means internal or natural, and morphine. This last reference is due to the fact that, on the one hand, they work as analgesics, and that, on the other hand, they have a chemical structure very similar to morphine. In addition to its analgesic effect, it provides a feeling of well-being thanks to the stimulation of specialized receptors in the central nervous system. That is why it is also known as one of the four happiness hormones.
They are produced mainly in the pituitary gland (pituitary gland) and the hypothalamusespecially during aerobic physical activity and in response to stimuli such as pain. It has also been shown that falling in love and orgasm significantly increase its release.
Functions and effects of endorphin
Depending on the stimulus that triggers them, their action may vary: in painful or stressful situations, they attenuate discomfort; in other contexts, they are associated with pleasure, happiness, well-being or satisfaction, as occurs when exercising. Endorphins:
- Reduce and relieve painThe brain is particularly sensitive to pain following an intense blow or an injury. When faced with this type of stimulus, the brain receives a sign of survival or avoidance, which immediately triggers the release of endorphins, reducing the perception of pain. This is why, after a serious accident or fracture, the initial discomfort is usually less than that which appears later, when the body comes to rest. This function allows the body to respond adaptively to severe pain.
- Released in the reward system facilitating learning of behaviors, actions or processes through the generation of a pleasurable sensation. This effect drives us to repeat pleasant experiences that we have already lived, since the release of these hormones makes the body want them to be repeated.
- Endorphins balance the immune system. Endorphins help balance the immune system. Stress and moods exert a significant influence on our defenses, so that in periods of tension we are more likely to get sick, even when the stressful situation has already passed. The release of endorphins helps us to cope better with these circumstances, since reduces inflammation and generally calms the immune system response.
- They help manage psychological stress. In the face of difficult moments, they act in a similar way as they do in the face of physical pain: cushion the discomfort in the first moments. With the passage of time, that feeling may intensify again.
Actions that enhance the release of endorphins
There are actions that enhance the release of endorphins such as meditation, laughter and sports (e.g. running). An increase in endorphins can also be promoted by eating foods rich in phenylalanine - present in meat, eggs and fish - an amino acid that helps inhibit enzymes (enkephalinase) that degrade endorphins. In addition, striving for and achieving goals boosts the production of these "happiness hormones" thanks to the satisfaction that comes from meeting objectives; that is why it is useful to set goals and work to achieve them.
