The pink dolphin is a fascinating marine mammal that has sparked curiosity worldwide. Although many people wonder if pink dolphins really exist, the answer is yes. This phenomenon can occur for two main reasons: the species Inia geoffrensis, known as the Amazon pink dolphin, and the case of dolphins with albinism, such as Pinky, the famous dolphin that has been spotted in Louisiana.
Why are some dolphins pink?
The coloration of pink dolphins can be due to different factors:
- Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis): It is a freshwater dolphin species that inhabits the Amazon basin. Its pink hue varies depending on age, sex, and environmental factors.
- Albinism in dolphins: It is a genetic condition in which the lack of melanin in the skin and eyes results in pink or white pigmentation.
The Genetics Behind the Albino Dolphin
The case of Pinky, the famous albino dolphin, is an example of how genetics influence the coloration of animals. Albinism occurs when melanin-producing cells do not generate enough pigment or do not produce it at all.
Genes involved in albinism
The Genes involved in albinism for Dolphins are actually the same as in humans; DNA tests can determine the precise type of albinism.
Research on the genes responsible for albinism is ongoing. To date, up to seven forms of oculocutaneous albinism have been recognized. This is generally due to a mutation in one of several genes (including TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and SLC45A2).
- TYR (Tyrosinase): Involved in melanin production.
- OCA2: Associated with oculocutaneous albinism.
- TYRP1 and SLC45A2: They participate in melanin synthesis and affect skin and eye pigmentation.
Curiosities about pink dolphins
When it comes to curiosities, Pinky’s parents might have looked like typical dolphins, but both of them must have carried a single copy of the mutation in the same gene. Combined, those mutations resulted in the marine mammal's distinctive color.
Pinky has existed for about eight years, but albinism can come with several different health problems in pink dolphins. The pigment melanin provides protection against sun rays and also plays an important role in vision.
Additionally, the Amazon pink dolphins have thinner skin with less collagen, which gives them their characteristic color. There are records of albino dolphins in different marine and freshwater species.
Cases like Pinky remind us of the incredible diversity of nature and the importance of genetics in marine biodiversity.
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