{"id":5499,"date":"2021-11-26T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adntro.com\/?p=5499"},"modified":"2025-11-10T09:04:05","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T08:04:05","slug":"que-es-el-genoma-humano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/learn-genetics\/what-is-the-human-genome\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the human genome?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\" translation-block\"><p>The <strong>human genome<\/strong> is our genetic information taken as a whole. It comprises the 3.2 billion \"little letters\" that make up our DNA, from the 22,000 genes we have in our body to the mitochondrial DNA, through the regulatory regions of the expression of those genes to <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/learn-genetics\/protein-amino-acids\/\">proteins<\/a>, the effector biomolecules of our organism. <strong>Mitochondrial DNA<\/strong>, inherited from our mother, consists of 16,000 bases; it is small and circular, and contains the genetic information of the mitochondria, essential cellular organelles where the energy necessary for our organism to function properly is produced.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How the human genome is structured<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The human genome <strong>is structured in 23 pairs of chromosomes.<\/strong>The ultra-condensed form of DNA. Thanks to the way in which the DNA is stored, each of the small human cells whose diameter is 6 * 10<sup>-6<\/sup> meters is capable of holding the entire genome. Put this way it may not have much impact, but if we stretch the genome linearly, it would be equivalent to two meters in length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Multiplying these two meters of DNA contained in each human cell by the average number of cells in a human being (approximately 10 trillion), it is estimated that <strong>our body contains a total of 20 trillion meters of DNA.<\/strong>Yes, as you read it. <strong>You have 20 trillion meters of genetic information inside you,<\/strong>which is equivalent to 600 round trips from the Earth to the Sun. Incredible, isn't it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/adn-desarrollado.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/adn-desarrollado.png 268w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/adn-desarrollado-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Genome Regions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The human genome is made up of different types of regions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coding regions (<a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/salud\/exome-complete\/\">exome<\/a>)<\/strong>They represent only 1% of the genome and are the ones that are expressed as proteins, the functional elements of our body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-coding regions: <\/strong>They are those that regulate gene expression and are essential for proper cellular functioning in different parts of the body (skin, liver, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is the Human Genome Project?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\"><p>In <strong>2001<\/strong>, a project called the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.genome.gov\/es\/genetics-glossary\/Proyecto-Genoma-Humano\">Human Genome Project<\/a><\/strong> was launched, a scientific milestone that made it possible to sequence (know the information) of the human genome for the first time. The most striking aspect of this project is not \u201csimply\u201d the <strong>novelty<\/strong> and the <strong>advance<\/strong> in knowledge that allowed us to carry it out, but the fact that it took almost <strong>10 years<\/strong> and <strong>100 million dollars<\/strong> to undertake it. <strong>Today<\/strong>, thanks to scientific progress and new technologies, you can obtain the information of your complete genome for approximately <strong>1000 euros<\/strong>, making it increasingly more affordable to have access to your genetic information and all the <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/next-generation-sequencing\/\">advantages<\/a> that this entails. If you are interested in knowing all the information that your genome contains, click <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/whole-genome-sequencing-analysis-prevention\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"347\" src=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/secuenciacion-genoma-humano.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/secuenciacion-genoma-humano.png 567w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/secuenciacion-genoma-humano-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/secuenciacion-genoma-humano-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Human Genome sequencing cost reduction.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolution of Genetic Sequencing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Although the Human Genome Project is the best known, it is not the only project that revolves around the Human Genome. <strong>The 1000 Genomes Project<\/strong> made it possible to obtain a database with individuals from different regions, allowing the <strong>study<\/strong> of <strong>genetic variability<\/strong> among human beings. We also want to highlight the <strong>ENCODE Project<\/strong> (acronym of ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements), which made it possible to <strong>assign biochemical functions<\/strong> to 80% of the genome, also providing new knowledge on the organization and regulation of genes and the genome, knowledge that plays a key role in the study of human biology and diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact on Medicine and Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Knowledge of the human genome has revolutionized medicine and biology. Massive next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled significant advances in genomic medicine, offering new possibilities for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you liked this post, we leave you 2 related posts that may be of interest to you:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u21e8<a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/genetic-curiosities\/arn-types\/\">The types of RNA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u21e8<a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/next-generation-sequencing\/\">The arrival of genomic medicine thanks to mass sequencing (NGS)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Do you want to know the secrets hidden in your DNA?<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud83d\udc40 Don't wait any longer, use the code.&nbsp;<strong>BLOG10<\/strong>&nbsp;on your purchase and enjoy a discount of 10% on your <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/\">DNA TEST<\/a>Embark on the journey to self-knowledge!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The human genome is our genetic information taken as a whole. It comprises the 3.2 billion \"little letters\" that make up our DNA, from the 22,000 genes we have in our body to the mitochondrial DNA, passing through the regulatory regions of the expression of these genes to proteins, the effector biomolecules of our organism. The DNA [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[432],"tags":[199,196,42,198,194,195,197],"class_list":["post-5499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aprende-genetica","tag-1000-genomas","tag-adn-mitocondrial","tag-adntro","tag-encode","tag-genoma-humano","tag-proyecto-genoma-humano","tag-secuenciacion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Genoma Humano? | Test Gen\u00e9tico ADNTRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfSab\u00edas que el genoma humano est\u00e1 compuesto por 23 cromosomas? 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Biotecn\u00f3loga por la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, donde recibi\u00f3 dos becas de expediente acad\u00e9mico brillante. Estuvo trabajando en un proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n sobre la asimetr\u00eda izquierda-derecha en Newcastle, siendo premiada en la Conferencia del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cardiovascular Trainees Meeting como el mejor p\u00f3ster (2018). Complet\u00f3 un m\u00e1ster en Biolog\u00eda Computacional en la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid. All\u00ed estudi\u00f3 las redes de interacci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica en el microbioma de pacientes con Enfermedad de Chron y Colitis Ulcerosa en el centro de investigaci\u00f3n CBGP, centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (2020). 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Biotecn\u00f3loga por la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, donde recibi\u00f3 dos becas de expediente acad\u00e9mico brillante. Estuvo trabajando en un proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n sobre la asimetr\u00eda izquierda-derecha en Newcastle, siendo premiada en la Conferencia del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cardiovascular Trainees Meeting como el mejor p\u00f3ster (2018). Complet\u00f3 un m\u00e1ster en Biolog\u00eda Computacional en la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid. All\u00ed estudi\u00f3 las redes de interacci\u00f3n metab\u00f3lica en el microbioma de pacientes con Enfermedad de Chron y Colitis Ulcerosa en el centro de investigaci\u00f3n CBGP, centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (2020). 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