{"id":3323,"date":"2021-07-30T08:59:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T06:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adntro.com\/?p=3323"},"modified":"2024-02-07T12:38:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T11:38:54","slug":"que-es-farmacogenetica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/what-is-pharmacogenetics-2\/","title":{"rendered":"What is pharmacogenetics and what are its applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>genomic medicine<\/strong>&nbsp;is the discipline that <strong>study the changes in our DNA<\/strong> and its association with the susceptibility to develop diseases, infections, congenital malformations, etc. Within this broad field of genomic medicine disciplines, the <strong>pharmacogenetics <\/strong>(PGx) is the branch that handles <strong>study the changes in our DNA and associate them with the response between individuals to different drugs<\/strong> that we take.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We know that the answer to medications is not the same for all people, so it is done <strong>necessary to personalize treatments<\/strong> <strong>based on genetic biomarkers<\/strong> that each of us present. We know, for example, that <strong>not everyone responds in the same way to treatment<\/strong> with some oral anticoagulants, such as acenocoumarol, in which two genes are already known whose variants are associated with the differential response to this drug, the genes <em>CYP2C9<\/em> and <em>CYP4F2<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>THE IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOGENETICS<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This can be of paramount importance, since, in some cases, not only is there a lack of response to the drug, but also <strong>may produce an adverse reaction, a<span class=\"has-inline-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\"> <\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/2020\/08\/11\/farmacogenetica-conoce-como-te-afectan-los-medicamentos\/\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\"><strong>intolerance to certain drugs<\/strong><\/span><\/a>&nbsp;, which can be even more harmful than the reason for which the drug is prescribed. In fact, the variability of response to a certain drug between two individuals may be conditioned <strong>up to 80% by genomic variants<\/strong>. That is why they are joining the <strong>clinical routine<\/strong>, the realization of this type of <strong>tests<\/strong>, prior to administration and <strong>prescription of any of these drugs with PGx biomarker<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u21e8Don&#039;t miss the <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/2021\/04\/23\/beneficios-de-los-test-geneticos-directos-al-consumidor\/\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-pale-cyan-blue-color\">benefits of genetic testing<\/span><\/a> to know your specific case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>THE MEDICINES AND YOUR GENES. BIOMARKERS FOR PERSONALIZED TREATMENT OR PRECISION MEDICINE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to data from the American drug agency or FDA (\u201c<em>Food and Drug Administration<\/em>\u201d) Currently exist <strong>more than 200 medications<\/strong>, for which a <strong>genetic biomarker<\/strong> (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"404\" src=\"http:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1. Proportion of drugs with pharmacogenetic indication (represented in blue) with respect to the total drugs approved from 2000 to 2020. (Source: <em>Kim et al., 2021 J Pers Med. 2021 Mar; 11 (3): 179.<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see, since 2010, practically <strong>the number of FDA-approved drugs that associate a pharmacogenetic biomarker has tripled<\/strong>, which represents an increase from 10% to almost 30% of all the new drugs described.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of all of them, the main area of action of these drugs is the <strong>therapy against <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/salud\/cancer-mammary-genetics\/\">cancer<\/a><\/strong> with approximately 75% of all drugs with pharmacogenetic indication (Figure 2). In fact, <strong>ADNTRO&#039;s pharmacogenetics platform already incorporates some drugs<\/strong>, as in the case of 5-Fluorouracil, a drug that is prescribed in cancer patients, and that we know that, based on your genetic markers, <strong>especially in the gene <em>DPYD<\/em><\/strong>, this will be associated with the <strong>need to adjust the dose for each patient<\/strong> besides having a <strong>preventive effect regarding toxicity <\/strong>that this drug can generate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, <strong>there are some genes that, due to their function, will have a greater number of associated drugs<\/strong>, as is the case of the gene <em>CYP2D6<\/em>, which encodes a protein of the P450 complex, through which a wide variety of drugs are metabolized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"375\" src=\"http:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-patologia-farmacogenetica-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-patologia-farmacogenetica-1.jpg 667w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-patologia-farmacogenetica-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-patologia-farmacogenetica-1-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2. Number of drugs by pathology, which are associated with the genes with the highest number of pharmacogenetic response biomarkers, taking as the most frequent those that have at least 5 different biomarkers. (Source: &quot;<em>Mehta et al., Drug Discov Today. 2020 May; 25 (5): 813-820. doi: 10.1016 \/ j.drudis.2020.01.023. Epub 2020 Feb 4<\/em>\u201d)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This confirms the exponential growth of genomic information in terms of its association with pharmacological treatments and therapies and the<strong> importance of interindividual genetic differences that will affect how our body responds to a certain drug.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At ADNTRO, we have developed a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/dna-kit\/pharmacogenetic-test\/\">new section on pharmacogenetics<\/a><\/strong> associated with <strong>medicines<\/strong> that have a very high level of evidence <strong>in relation to response biomarkers<\/strong>We have already added several medications, come in and discover them by buying your <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/\">DNA TEST<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/upload-your-raw-adn-landing\/\">uploading your RAW DNA data<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genomic medicine is the discipline that studies the changes in our DNA and its association with the susceptibility to developing diseases, infections, congenital malformations, etc. Within this broad field of genomic medicine disciplines, pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the branch in charge of studying changes in our DNA and associating them with [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[42,140,37,141,142,143,144,145,93],"class_list":["post-3323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica","tag-adntro","tag-biomarcadores","tag-farmacogenetica","tag-medicamentos-screening-genetico","tag-medicina-de-precision","tag-medicina-genomica","tag-pgx","tag-tratamiento-personalizado","tag-variantes-geneticas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u3010La farmacogen\u00e9tica y sus aplicaciones\u3011 | ADNTRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfHas o\u00eddo hablar de la intolerancia a medicamentos? \u21e8Descubre la importancia que tiene la farmacogen\u00e9tica y sus aplicaciones.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/what-is-pharmacogenetics-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u3010La farmacogen\u00e9tica y sus aplicaciones\u3011 | ADNTRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfHas o\u00eddo hablar de la intolerancia a medicamentos? \u21e8Descubre la importancia que tiene la farmacogen\u00e9tica y sus aplicaciones.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/what-is-pharmacogenetics-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ADNTRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ADNTROSPAIN\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-30T06:59:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-07T11:38:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Medicamentos-biomarcador-genetico-FDA-1024x404-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"404\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"jair\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@adntrospain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@adntrospain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"jair\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"jair\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/de\/#\/schema\/person\/4df1675e6cd3505a472f5679b8064468\"},\"headline\":\"Qu\u00e9 es la farmacogen\u00e9tica y cu\u00e1les son sus aplicaciones\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-30T06:59:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-07T11:38:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/\"},\"wordCount\":733,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/de\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"adntro\",\"biomarcadores\",\"farmacogen\u00e9tica\",\"medicamentos screening gen\u00e9tico\",\"medicina de precisi\u00f3n\",\"medicina gen\u00f3mica\",\"PGx\",\"tratamiento personalizado\",\"variantes gen\u00e9ticas\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Farmacogen\u00e9tica y farmacogen\u00f3mica\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/es\/blog\/farmacogenetica-farmacogenomica\/que-es-farmacogenetica\/\",\"name\":\"\u3010La farmacogen\u00e9tica y sus aplicaciones\u3011 | ADNTRO\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/de\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-30T06:59:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-07T11:38:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u00bfHas o\u00eddo hablar de la intolerancia a medicamentos? 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