{"id":17654,"date":"2025-09-12T12:32:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T10:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adntro.com\/?p=17654"},"modified":"2025-09-12T12:41:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T10:41:55","slug":"alopecia-guia-completa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/salud\/alopecia-guide-complete\/","title":{"rendered":"Alopecia: complete guide to causes, types and the effect of genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>alopecia<\/strong> is one of the most common concerns in today's population, affecting approximately <strong>40% of people over 35 years of age<\/strong> only in Spain. This condition, which manifests itself as <strong>hair loss<\/strong> or partial hair loss, can have a significant impact on both men and women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>baldness<\/strong> is not just an aesthetic issue; it has profound psychological and social implications. Fortunately, advances in science now allow us to predict and treat alopecia more effectively than ever before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is alopecia?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>alopecia<\/strong> is the medical term to describe abnormal hair loss. While it is normal to lose between 50-100 hairs daily, alopecia involves an abnormal hair loss. <strong>hair loss<\/strong> The excessive deficit is not compensated for by new growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>baldness<\/strong> can manifest itself in multiple forms: from small circular bald patches to complete hair loss. Understanding the different types is critical to choosing the right treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Alopecia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Androgenic alopecia or common baldness<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>androgenic alopecia<\/strong> is the most frequent type of capillary loss, accounting for 95% of the cases of <strong>baldness<\/strong>. Also known as <strong>androgenetic baldness<\/strong>affects both men and women, although with different patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Androgenic alopecia in men<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>alopecia in men<\/strong> follows a characteristic pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pattern 1<\/strong>No visible capillary loss <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pattern 2<\/strong>Front recession forming an \"M\". <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pattern 3<\/strong>Thinning at the crown (\"corona\") <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pattern 4<\/strong>Union of the affected areas, forming an \"island of hair\".<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"147\" src=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png 567w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-300x78.png 300w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>androgenetic alopecia<\/strong> male is strongly influenced by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Genetics<\/strong>80% heritability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hormones<\/strong>Especially dihydrotestosterone (DHT).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong>Gradual progression over the years<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Androgenic alopecia in women<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>female androgenic alopecia<\/strong> has different characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Grade I<\/strong>Slight thinning in the upper part of the body <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grade II<\/strong>More evident loss but without complete baldness. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grade III<\/strong>Severe thinning with visible scalp<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>hair loss in women<\/strong> typically related to androgenic alopecia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Preserves the front hairline<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Concentrated in the upper part of the scalp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intensifies after menopause due to hormonal changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key genes in androgenic alopecia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>androgenic alopecia<\/strong> has a complex genetic basis. The most important genes include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wnt Signaling Pathway:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>WNT10A<\/em><\/strong>Formation of hair follicles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>RSPO2<\/em><\/strong>Capillary density<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>LGR4<\/em><\/strong>Follicular development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>TWIST1<\/em><\/strong>Hair growth regulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Androgen Receptor:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gen <em>AR<\/em><\/strong>Encodes the androgen receptor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variations increase receptor activity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increased sensitivity to DHT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetic test to know your predisposition to alopecia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a genetic test for alopecia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An <strong>alopecia test<\/strong> genetic analysis analyzes specific variants in your DNA to determine your predisposition to developing different types of <strong>baldness<\/strong>. At ADNTRO we use validated algorithms with real patients to calculate your polygenic risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits of genetic testing for alopecia:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Early prediction<\/strong>Know your risk before symptoms appear<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Personalized treatment<\/strong>: Selection of therapies based on your genetics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preventive planning<\/strong>Implementing measures before hair loss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nutritional optimization<\/strong>: Specific supplementation according to your genes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16539 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images-12x12.jpeg 12w, https:\/\/adntro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/images.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>PREMIUM DNA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Health and prevention<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Origins and ancestry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nutrition<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fitness <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Longevity and Skin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Personality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmacogenetics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/app.adntro.com\/sign-up\/kit?kit-selected=ROLE_FULL&amp;event_label=price_card_premium&amp;referrer=&amp;ref=aHR0cHM6Ly9hZG50cm8uY29tL2VzLw%3D%3D&amp;_gl=1*1lekp8k*_gcl_aw*R0NMLjE3MzEwNjc5NzQuQ2owS0NRaUFpcmU1QmhDTkFSSXNBTTUzSzFoT0lLTTQ1bnRFQmFMNURMYUhJZjlsbVNmb2xtS3JBa3lFVWxqQXUteXhxbWRVTlphSXhHRWFBZ0pSRUFMd193Y0I.*_gcl_au*NzgyNjMyNTg5LjE3MzE5MzIwODYuMTcxNzMwNDA2Ny4xNzMzMzA4MTEzLjE3MzMzMDgxMTI.\" style=\"border-radius:100px\">BUY NOW<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alopecia areata<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>alopecia areata<\/strong> is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the hair follicles. Unlike <strong>androgenic alopecia<\/strong>, of <strong>alopecia areata<\/strong> may appear suddenly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of Alopecia Areata:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alopecia areata in patches<\/strong>Circular or oval localized loss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alopecia areata total<\/strong>Complete loss of scalp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Universal alopecia areata<\/strong>Loss of all body hair<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diffuse alopecia areata<\/strong>Generalized thinning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ophiasic alopecia areata<\/strong>Band-shaped loss<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alopecia areata barbae<\/strong>Specific bald patches in the beard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetics of alopecia areata<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>alopecia areata<\/strong> involves genes of the immune system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>IL Genes<\/em><\/strong>Immune regulatory interleukins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>HLA-DQ<\/em><\/strong>Immune response<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>BCL2L11<\/em><\/strong>Pro-apoptotic factor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Differences between Alopecia Areata and Androgenic Alopecia<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Feature<\/th><th>Alopecia Areata<\/th><th>Androgenic Alopecia<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cause<\/strong><\/td><td>Autoimmune<\/td><td>Hormonal-genetics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pattern<\/strong><\/td><td>Circular patches<\/td><td>Progressive recession<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reversibility<\/strong><\/td><td>Potentially reversible<\/td><td>Progressive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Age of onset<\/strong><\/td><td>Any age<\/td><td>Typically adults<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Types of Alopecia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cicatricial Alopecia: permanent destruction of follicles by inflammation or scarring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Telogen Effluvium: temporary loss after stressful events, surgery or illness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Secondary Alopecia: caused by medical treatments such as chemotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatments <a href=\"https:\/\/adntro.com\/en\/blog\/pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics\/pharmaceuticals-anti-allopecic-drugs\/\">pharmacological drugs for alopecia<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Minoxidil<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>Vasodilator that improves circulation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Effectiveness<\/strong>Especially under 40 years of age<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Genetics<\/strong>: The gene <em>PTGES2<\/em> determines the response<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Finasteride<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>: Inhibits 5-alpha-reductase type 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indication<\/strong>Male androgenic alopecia: Male androgenic alopecia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Genetics<\/strong>: Gene-related effectiveness <em>SRD5A2<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dutasteride<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mechanism<\/strong>Inhibits both types of 5-alpha-reductase.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Advantage<\/strong>Broader spectrum of action than finasteride<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Genetics<\/strong>Useful with variants in <em>SRD5A1<\/em> and <em>SRD5A2<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>With ADNTRO's genetic test, you can also find out which of these drugs may be more effective for you according to your genetics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alopecia in women: special considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causes of female hair loss<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>female hair loss<\/strong> may be due to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Female androgenic alopecia<\/strong>Female pattern baldness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hormonal changes<\/strong>Pregnancy, menopause, PCOS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alopecia areata<\/strong>More frequent in young women<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nutritional factors<\/strong>Deficiencies of iron, vitamins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stress<\/strong>Telogen effluvium<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specific genes in female alopecia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>ESR2<\/em> (Estrogen Receptor 2)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alteration in estrogenic signaling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impact on the hair cycle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>CYP19A1<\/em> (Aromatase)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Conversion of androgens to estrogens<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hormonal imbalance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, given the lack of scientific evidence of genetic variants associated with female baldness, at ADNTRO we have decided to evaluate only the predisposition to suffer male baldness, for which there is consolidated scientific support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prevention of alopecia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protective lifestyle habits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2705 Positive Recommendations:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Balanced diet<\/strong>Rich in protein and micronutrients<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regular exercise<\/strong>Improves circulation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stress management<\/strong>Relaxation techniques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Adequate sleep<\/strong>: 7-9 hours per day<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gentle hair care<\/strong>Avoiding trauma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c Harmful Habits:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Smoking<\/strong>Activates immune cells (risk of alopecia areata).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obesity<\/strong>: Increased risk 15%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restrictive diets<\/strong>Nutritional deficits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Braided hairstyles<\/strong>Traction alopecia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alopecia and quality of life: psychological impact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Emotional Consequences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>baldness<\/strong> can generate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Low self-esteem<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social anxiety<\/strong>: Avoidance of public situations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/psiquiatria.com\/depresion\/el-estigma-de-tener-alopecia-causa-mas-depresion-y-ansiedad-que-la-enfermedad-en-si\">Depression<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Couple problems<\/strong>Impact on privacy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coping strategies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Psychological support<\/strong>Specialized therapy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support groups<\/strong>: Sharing experiences<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Camouflage techniques<\/strong>: Micropigmentation, wigs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comprehensive approach<\/strong>Medical treatment + emotional support<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember that<strong> genetics loads the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger<\/strong>Your genetic predisposition determines the risk, but environmental factors modulate its expression. <strong>Early detection is essential<\/strong>and a <strong>alopecia test<\/strong> can identify risks before symptoms appear.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alopecia is one of the most common concerns in today's population, affecting approximately 40% of people over the age of 35 in Spain alone. This condition, which manifests as hair loss or partial hair loss, can have a significant impact on both men and women. Baldness does not [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":17675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[430],"tags":[42,312,543,18,32],"class_list":["post-17654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-salud","tag-adntro","tag-alopecia","tag-calvicie","tag-genetica","tag-salud"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alopecia: causas, tipos y el efecto de la gen\u00e9tica | ADNTRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gu\u00eda completa sobre causas, tipos y el efecto de la gen\u00e9tica en la alopecia. 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